Microbioma intestinal y resultados quirúrgicos: desde las complicaciones infecciosas hasta la recuperación ERAS-orientada

Autores/as

Palabras clave:

microbioma intestinal, resultados quirúrgicos, protocolos ERAS, complicaciones infecciosas

Resumen

Introducción: El microbioma intestinal y su impacto quirúrgico es un área joven en la investigación, siendo bastante novedoso su influencia en el riesgo de complicaciones infecciosas y en la recuperación en general. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de la literatura para caracterizar la influencia del microbioma intestinal en los resultados quirúrgicos, abordando aspectos como las complicaciones infecciosas y la recuperación ERAS-orientada. Resultados: Se consultaron 40 bibliografías en los idiomas español e inglés; mismas que se encontraron en bases de datos relevantes. Discusión: El microbioma intestinal tiene un papel fundamental como predictor y modulador de la recuperación quirúrgica, al existir perturbación de su ecosistema acontecen fenómenos como la traslocación bacteriana, la disminución de la resistencia a la colonización y la desregulación de la respuesta inmunológica innata que pueden entorpecer la recuperación y comportarse como factores de riesgo para la ocurrencia de infecciones y sepsis. Si bien todavía no se contemplan en los protocolos ERAS, las intervenciones como la dieta, la administración de probióticos, la optimización de la terapia antibiótica y el trasplante de materia fecal parecen ser opciones prometedoras. Conclusiones: La disbiosis intestinal y su relación con las complicaciones infecciosas posoperatorias está cada vez más patentada en la literatura científica actual. Las intervenciones perioperatorias dirigidas a la preservación de la integridad y variedad del microbioma intestinal, si bien todavía requieren de mayores estudios que consoliden su estandarización, podrán ser aplicadas en el futuro como parte de los protocolos ERAS para optimizar los resultados quirúrgicos. 

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Publicado

2026-01-22

Cómo citar

Valente Morocho, J. E., Ramírez Verdezoto, L. R., Pérez Vaca, K. A., Baño Suarez, P. N., & Guachi Moposita, C. I. (2026). Microbioma intestinal y resultados quirúrgicos: desde las complicaciones infecciosas hasta la recuperación ERAS-orientada. Nova Praxis, 2(1). https://novapraxisrevista.com/index.php/RENOVA/article/view/26